PARP inhibitors may have clinical utility in HER2-positive breast cancers

ScienceDaily (Sep. 17, 2012) — Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, shown to have clinical activity when used alone in women with familial breast and ovarian cancers linked to BRCA mutations, may be a novel treatment strategy in women with HER2-positive breast cancers, according to the results of a study published in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

Currently, women with HER2-positive breast cancers are treated with therapies that target HER2. However, many women with this form of cancer either fail to ever respond to these targeted therapies or initially respond to them but then become resistant to their effects.

"Until now, PARP inhibitors have been shown to exhibit single agent activity only in tumors that are deficient in DNA repair, such as familial breast and ovarian cancers that are linked to BRCA mutations," said Eddy S. Yang, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor in the department of radiation oncology at the University of Alabama-Birmingham.

According to Yang, only about 5 to 10 percent of all breast and ovarian cancers are BRCA-associated familial cancers, so researchers are currently trying to expand the patient population that might benefit from PARP inhibitors, which are generally well tolerated and have relatively few side effects.

"To do that, we were attempting to render nonfamilial cancers deficient in DNA repair," he said.

In prior studies, the Yang lab found that inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, which is commonly overactive in many tumor types, resulted in a DNA repair defect similar to that seen in familial cancers. They subsequently showed that this "forced" DNA repair defect increased tumor sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Because HER2 and EGFR are in the same family of proteins, Yang and colleagues theorized that HER2-targeted therapies might force a similar DNA repair defect in HER2-positive tumors, increasing their sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.

They found that HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines were indeed sensitive to PARP inhibitors, both in culture and when transplanted into mice.

"However, the surprise was that these HER2-positive tumors were sensitive to PARP inhibitors alone, independent of a DNA repair defect," Yang said. "This means that there may be other mechanisms, outside of DNA repair, that dictate the sensitivity of a tumor to PARP inhibitors."

The researchers hope to further map out the reason why HER2-positive tumors are sensitive to PARP inhibitors. If better defined, the knowledge could ultimately broaden the clinical application for PARP inhibitors.

"Our research suggested that inhibition of NF-kB signaling is a possible cause of this sensitivity, but there may be other determinants as well," Yang said. "If we are able to find the determinants of sensitivity, we may be able to extrapolate our effects to other tumor types."

This research was supported by a career development award from the UAB Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPORE) in breast cancer (5P50CA089019-10), the Sidney Kimmel Foundation for Cancer Research Translational Scholar Award, the AACR-Genentech BioOncology Career Development Award for Cancer Research on the HER Family Pathway (Grant Number 12-20-18-YANG), the State of Alabama Investment Pool for Action (IMPACT) Award from the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, and developmental support from the Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR).

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Journal Reference:

1. E. S. Yang, S. Nowsheen, M. A. Rahman, R. S. Cook, F. Xia. Targeting BRCA1 localization to augment breast tumor sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. Cancer Research, 2012; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-0934

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17 Sep, 2012

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Mobile phones and wireless networks: No evidence of health risk found, Norwegian experts find

ScienceDaily (Sep. 17, 2012) — There is no scientific evidence that low-level electromagnetic field exposure from mobile phones and other transmitting devices causes adverse health effects, according to a report presented by a Norwegian Expert Committee. In addition, the Committee provides advice to authorities about risk management and regulatory practice.

The Committee has assessed the health hazards from low-level electromagnetic fields generated by radio transmitters. These electromagnetic fields are found around mobile phones, wireless phones and networks, mobile phone base stations, broadcasting transmitters and other communications equipment. The Committee has evaluated the power of the fields, whether they pose a health risk, the current regulatory practice, and whether the threshold limit values for exposure are observed.

The report is entitled "Svake høyfrekvente elektromagnetiske felt -- en vurdering av helserisiko og forvaltningspraksis. FHI-rapport 2012:3" (In English: Low-level radiofrequency electromagnetic fields -- an assessment of health risks and evaluation of regulatory practice. NIPH report 2012:3). Published on September 13th, the report contains a Norwegian and English summary.

Studied electromagnetic fields below threshold limit values

The low-level electromagnetic fields generated when antennas in mobile phones and other wireless devices transmit radio signals are referred to as radiofrequency (RF) fields.

The health authorities have determined that the threshold limit values for electromagnetic fields around transmitters in mobile phones and other equipment should be the same as those recommended by the International Commission on Non-ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The threshold limit values are based on fields above a certain power that can cause harmful heating of tissue. The ICNIRP has not observed other adverse health effects under this level.

The threshold limit values for these fields are 50 times below the level that causes heating of human tissue or stimulation of nerve cells. Due to increasing public concerns, the government requested the appointment of an Expert Committee to assess whether such low-level electromagnetic fields could cause health effects.

The Norwegian Institute of Public Health was commissioned to appoint the Expert Committee by the Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Transport and Communication. The Committee was chaired by Professor Jan Alexander, Assistant Director-General at the Institute.

Research indicates no health risk

The Committee has assessed a number of possible health effects from low-level electromagnetic fields and has evaluated the research in each area.

The group found no evidence that the low-level fields around mobile phones and other transmitters increase the risk of cancer, impair male fertility, cause other reproductive damage or lead to other diseases and adverse health effects, such as changes to the endocrine and immune systems.

No cancer risk found

Most studies concerning cancer have focused on the risk of cancer in the head and neck. The Committee found no scientific evidence for an association between mobile phone use and fast-growing brain tumours. So far, the effect on slow-growing tumours has been studied in people who have used mobile phones for up to 20 years. These studies show no association.

Only limited data exist for the other types of cancer in the head and neck area, as well as for leukaemia and lymphoma, but so far there is no evidence of an increased risk from mobile phone use. Cancer registries have not observed an increase in these tumours in the population since mobile phones were introduced.

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity

The Committee did not find that mobile phones and other equipment can cause health problems such as electromagnetic hypersensitivity.

Does this mean that electromagnetic hypersensitivity is an imaginary problem? "We have no grounds to say that the symptoms are imaginary. But a large number of studies suggest that these symptoms must have other causes than the physical effects of low-level electromagnetic fields around mobile phones, wireless transmitters and other wireless equipment. Research provides no evidence to support that interventions help, such as reducing the use of mobile phones or wireless networks. Our opinion is that patients with these health problems must be taken seriously by the health service and should be treated as other patients. There is a need for greater expertise in the health service for this group of patients," says Alexander.

Many people have found that holding a mobile phone to the head causes the area around the ear to become hot -- is this due to electromagnetic radiation? "The skin warms up slightly due to heat from the battery and not from the radio transmitter in the phone. The electromagnetic field will have very little or no heating effect. The body will remove the heat through normal blood flow, in the same way as the body otherwise regulates temperature."

Some mobile phone models transmitting at maximum power provide exposure that comes close to the threshold limit values. Even so, any heating due to electromagnetic fields would be negligible.

Advice: Show general caution

Since there are no uncertainties in the health risk assessment of low-level electromagnetic fields that warrant introduction of the precautionary principle, the Committee believes that general caution is sufficient. This means that exposure should not be higher than needed to achieve the intended purpose.

When comparing the power of the fields around different types of equipment, talking on a mobile phone tops the list, whilst wireless internet networks are at the bottom. Base stations and broadcasting transmitters also come low down in the list. An example of exercising general caution would be for the authorities to inform that hands-free kits will significantly reduce exposure from mobile phones.

Furthermore, the field strength around a mobile phone is lower when there is good coverage.

Little benefit from more research

The Committee has evaluated the assessments previously published by international expert groups, as well as recent individual studies. The material is very extensive. A number of studies were performed on cells and tissues in the laboratory, as well as in animals and humans. In addition, population studies and cancer registry studies were conducted in several countries.

Little uncertainty

There is always an element of uncertainty in all risk assessments. In this case, the Committee considers the uncertainty to be small. Some uncertainty is associated with high exposure over time, such as extensive use of mobile phones over several decades. Until now, this has been impossible to study. Cancer registries should follow the development of cancer incidence in the future and research should not cease. Studies of animals that have been exposed throughout life provide no evidence that low level RF fields cause cancer. It is unlikely that long-term use of mobile phones will cause health risks that are unknown today.

Regarding equipment that provides the lowest exposure, such as base stations, wireless networks, broadcasting transmitters and proximity to other mobile phones, the experts believe that the risk assessment has negligible uncertainty. In other words, it is reasonably certain that such equipment is not associated with health risks.

The report is approximately 200 pages long and includes Norwegian and English summaries. It can be downloaded in PDF format at http://www.fhi.no.

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17 Sep, 2012

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Behavior issues are a bigger headache for children with migraines, research reveals

ScienceDaily (Sep. 17, 2012) — Kids who get migraine headaches are much more likely than other children to also have behavioral difficulties, including social and attention issues, and anxiety and depression. The more frequent the headaches, the greater the effect, according to research out now in the journal Cephalagia, published by SAGE.

Marco Arruda, director of the Glia Institute in São Paulo, Brazil, together with Marcelo Bigal of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York studied 1,856 Brazilian children aged 5 to 11. The authors say that this is the first large, community based study of its kind to look at how children's behavioural and emotional symptoms correlate with migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH), and to incorporate data on headache frequency.

Children with or suffering from migraine had a much greater overall likelihood of abnormal behavioral scores than controls, especially in somatic, anxiety-depressive, social, attention, and internalizing domains. Children with TTH were affected in the same domains as migraine sufferers, but to a lesser degree.

The study used internationally validated headache questionnaires as well as the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess emotional symptoms. The researchers trained school teachers in how to walk parents through questionnaires step by step.

For children with either migraine (23%) or TTH (29%), more frequent headaches correlated with increasingly abnormal scores on the behavior scale. The types of behavior most often seen were those characterized as internalizing -- behaviors directed towards the self. While less than a fifth of controls (19% of sample) have issues with internalizing behaviors, over half of migraine sufferers were affected. Externalizing behaviors, such as becoming more aggressive or breaking rules, were no more likely among the children with frequent attacks of headache than among the controls. The researchers suggested the CBCL may be underpowered to investigate the correlation between attention/hyperactivity and headaches in detail.

"As previously reported by others, we found that migraine was associated with social problems," said Arruda. "The 'social' domain identifies difficulties in social engagement as well as infantilized behavior for the age and this may be associated with important impact on the personal and social life."

"Providers should be aware of this possibility in children with migraines, in order to properly address the problem," he added.

Previous research has pointed to children with migraine being more likely than their peers to have other physical or psychological issues, including anxiety, depression, and attention and hyperactivity problems. But until now, few studies have examined the contrasts between TTH in children. Including headache frequency was also a missing part of the puzzle, the authors say.

Children often suffer from headaches, with migraine prevalence ranging from just over three percent to over one fifth of children as they progress from early childhood through to adolescence.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by SAGE Publications, via AlphaGalileo.

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Journal Reference:

1. Marco A Arruda and Marcelo E Bigal. Behavioral and emotional symptoms and primary headaches in children: A population-based study. Cephalalgia, 2012; DOI: 10.1177/0333102412454226

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

17 Sep, 2012

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World’s most powerful digital camera opens eye, records first images in hunt for dark energy

ScienceDaily (Sep. 17, 2012) — Eight billion years ago, rays of light from distant galaxies began their long journey to Earth. That ancient starlight has now found its way to a mountaintop in Chile, where the newly-constructed Dark Energy Camera, the most powerful sky-mapping machine ever created, has captured and recorded it for the first time.

That light may hold within it the answer to one of the biggest mysteries in physics -- why the expansion of the universe is speeding up.

Scientists in the international Dark Energy Survey collaboration announced this week that the Dark Energy Camera, the product of eight years of planning and construction by scientists, engineers, and technicians on three continents, has achieved first light. The first pictures of the southern sky were taken by the 570-megapixel camera on Sept. 12.

"The achievement of first light through the Dark Energy Camera begins a significant new era in our exploration of the cosmic frontier," said James Siegrist, associate director of science for high energy physics with the U.S. Department of Energy. "The results of this survey will bring us closer to understanding the mystery of dark energy, and what it means for the universe."

The Dark Energy Camera was constructed at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois, and mounted on the Victor M. Blanco telescope at the National Science Foundation's Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile, which is the southern branch of the U.S. National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO). With this device, roughly the size of a phone booth, astronomers and physicists will probe the mystery of dark energy, the force they believe is causing the universe to expand faster and faster.

"The Dark Energy Survey will help us understand why the expansion of the universe is accelerating, rather than slowing due to gravity," said Brenna Flaugher, project manager and scientist at Fermilab. "It is extremely satisfying to see the efforts of all the people involved in this project finally come together."

The Dark Energy Camera is the most powerful survey instrument of its kind, able to see light from over 100,000 galaxies up to 8 billion light years away in each snapshot. The camera's array of 62 charged-coupled devices has an unprecedented sensitivity to very red light, and along with the Blanco telescope's large light-gathering mirror (which spans 13 feet across), will allow scientists from around the world to pursue investigations ranging from studies of asteroids in our own Solar System to the understanding of the origins and the fate of the universe.

"We're very excited to bring the Dark Energy Camera online and make it available for the astronomical community through NOAO's open access telescope allocation," said Chris Smith, director of the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory. "With it, we provide astronomers from all over the world a powerful new tool to explore the outstanding questions of our time, perhaps the most pressing of which is the nature of dark energy."

Scientists in the Dark Energy Survey collaboration will use the new camera to carry out the largest galaxy survey ever undertaken, and will use that data to carry out four probes of dark energy, studying galaxy clusters, supernovae, the large-scale clumping of galaxies and weak gravitational lensing. This will be the first time all four of these methods will be possible in a single experiment.

The Dark Energy Survey is expected to begin in December, after the camera is fully tested, and will take advantage of the excellent atmospheric conditions in the Chilean Andes to deliver pictures with the sharpest resolution seen in such a wide-field astronomy survey. In just its first few nights of testing, the camera has already delivered images with excellent and nearly uniform spatial resolution.

Over five years, the survey will create detailed color images of one-eighth of the sky, or 5,000 square degrees, to discover and measure 300 million galaxies, 100,000 galaxy clusters and 4,000 supernovae.

The Dark Energy Survey is supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Energy; the National Science Foundation; funding agencies in the United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil, Germany and Switzerland; and the participating DES institutions.

More information about the Dark Energy Survey, including the list of participating institutions, is available at the project website: www.darkenergysurvey.org.

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17 Sep, 2012

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Only children are significantly more likely to be overweight, European study finds

ScienceDaily (Sep. 17, 2012) — Children who grow up without siblings have a more than 50 percent higher risk of being overweight or obese than children with siblings. This is the finding of a study of 12,700 children in eight European countries, including Sweden, published in Nutrition and Diabetes.

The University of Gothenburg, Sweden, was one of the participating universities in the study.

The study was conducted under the framework of the European research project Identification and prevention of Dietary and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS (IDEFICS), where researchers from various parts of Europe study diet, lifestyle and obesity and their health effects on children aged 2 to 9 years.

The study shows that only children have a more than 50 percent higher risk of obesity compared to their peers with siblings. The results were controlled for other influential factors, such as gender, birth weight and parental weight.

In the study, the children's measured BMI was linked to a parental questionnaire that included questions relating to the children's eating habits, television viewing habits and amount of outdoor play time.

"Our study shows that only children play outside less often, live in households with lower levels of education more often, and are more likely to have televisions in their bedrooms. But even when we take these factors into account, the correlation between singleton status and overweight is strong. Being an only child appears to be a risk factor for overweight independent of the factors we thought might explain the difference," says Monica Hunsberger, a researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, who contributed to the study.

"The fact that only children are more susceptible to obesity may be due to differences in individual family environment and family structure that we were not able to measure in sufficient detail. To better understand the causality, a follow-up study of these families will start next year," says Lauren Lissner, a researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.

Over 22 million children in Europe are estimated to be overweight. The study shows that obesity among children in general is three times more common in southern countries such as Italy, Spain and Cyprus than in Sweden and other northern countries.

Read more about IDEFICS: www.idefics.eu

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Journal Reference:

1. M Hunsberger, A Formisano, L A Reisch, K Bammann, L Moreno, S De Henauw, D Molnar, M Tornaritis, T Veidebaum, A Siani, L Lissner. Overweight in singletons compared to children with siblings: the IDEFICS study. Nutrition and Diabetes, 2012; 2 (7): e35 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2012.8

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17 Sep, 2012

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Skilled hunters 300,000 years ago

ScienceDaily (Sep. 17, 2012) — Finds from early stone age site in north-central Germany show that human ingenuity is nothing new -- and was probably shared by now-extinct species of humans.

Archeologists from the University of Tübingen have found eight extremely well-preserved spears -- an astonishing 300,000 years old, making them the oldest known weapons anywhere. The spears and other artifacts as well as animal remains found at the site demonstrate that their users were highly skilled craftsmen and hunters, well adapted to their environment -- with a capacity for abstract thought and complex planning comparable to our own. It is likely that they were members of the species Homo heidelbergensis, although no human remains have yet been found at the site.

The project is headed by Prof. Nicholas Conard and the excavations are supervised by Dr. Jordi Serangeli, both from the University of Tübingen's Institute of Prehistory, which has been supporting the local authority's excavation in an open-cast brown coal mine in Schöningen since 2008. They are applying skills from several disciplines at this uniquely well-preserved site find out more about how humans lived in the environment of 300,000 years ago.

The bones of large mammals -- elephants, rhinoceroses, horses and lions -- as well as the remains of amphibians, reptiles, shells and even beetles have been preserved in the brown coal. Pines, firs, and black alder trees are preserved complete with pine cones, as have the leaves, pollen and seeds of surrounding flora.

Until the mining started 30 years ago, these finds were below the water table. The archeologists say they are now carrying out "underwater archaeology without the water." Work continues almost all year round, and every day there is something new to document and recover.

Some of the most important finds of the past three years have been remains of a water buffalo in the context of human habitation, an almost completely preserved aurochs (one of the oldest in central Europe), and several concentrations of stone artifacts, bones and wood. They allow the scientists to examine an entire landscape instead of just one site. That makes Schöningen an exciting location and global reference point not just for archaeology, but also for quaternary ecology and climate research. A research center and museum, the "Paläon," is to be opened in 2013 to to provide information to the public about the work going on in Schöningen.

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17 Sep, 2012

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Orang MengAsuransikan Lidahnya

Orang MengAsuransikan Lidahnya Seorang tukang daging dan pencicip daging asal Inggris berencana mengasuransikan lidahnya sekitar US$1,5 juta atau setara Rp13,7 miliar. Ini dilakukan menjelang kompetisi Bacon Connoisseurs' Week, dimana dia bertindak sebagai kepala dewan juri.

"Kemampuan saya untuk mencicipi kehalusan daging bacon memberi manfaat selama bertahun-tahun dan telah terbukti menjadi sangat penting ketika menilai siapa yang terbaik," ujar Keith Fisher, 61, kepada BBC.

Fisher merupakan generasi keempat yang melanjutkan tradisi sebagai tukang jagal dan pencicip daging bacon dalam keluarganya. Dia mengklaim mampu membedakan lebih dari 50.000 rasa daging asap selama 43 tahun kariernya. Dalam kompetisi Red, White and Bacon, Fisher akan menjadi jurinya.

The British Pig Executive (BPEX), sebuah kelompok yang bertujuan untuk melindungi keberlanjutan daging bacon dan babi di Inggris menyatakan, langkah ini demi melindungi aset penting bagi kampanye tersebut.

"Sebagai pencicip daging bacon dan hakim kepala, pengalaman Keith sangat luas dan dia ideal menjadi memimpin panel juri," ucap juru bicara Tina BPEX Mulholland.  "Dengan demikian, sangat penting bagi kami untuk melindungi asetnya untuk kampanye tersebut."

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Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia

Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia  Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia merupakan promosi Yang dilakukan Oleh Minimarket Lokal Terbesar dan Minimarket Pertama Terbaik Indonesia guna untuk menarik Simpati dan Perhatian lebih dari masyarakat untuk menjadi Member Alfamart dan khususnya pecinta Informasi internet dengan menyelenggarakan Promo Indonesia Kontes SEO Alfamart 2012.

Bagi anda yang suka berbelanja tentunya tidak asing lagi dengan minimarket yang satu ini. Sebagai Minimarket Pertama yang memiliki member terbanyak di Indonesia Alfamart memberikan banyak inovasi untuk memanjakan membernya. Salah satunya adalah dengan konsisten 2 minggu sekali  memberikan Promo khusus untuk member-membernya baik untuk berbelanja di Alfamart atau pun di merchant-merchant yang banyak bekerja sama dengan Alfamart untuk memberikan potongan harga atau harga spesial.

Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia. Promo Indonesia ini diberikan oleh Alfamart sebagai Minimarket pertama yang mempunyai member terbanyak di Indonesia. Ketika mendengar kata "promo" pasti semua orang tertarik, karena pada setiap kegiatan promo pasti akan ada diskon, hadiah atau sesuatu yang menguntungkan lainnya. Dan kabar gembiranya, Alfamart sebagai minimarket besar Indonesia sedang mengadakan penawaran yang menarik, yaitu Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia. Promo Indonesia ini diberikan Alfamart untuk para calon member dan juga member Alfamart.

Minimarket Alfamart yang berdiri sejak tahun 1994 oleh PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk ini yang sekarang sudah memiliki banyak member dan merupakan member terbesar di Minimarket Indonesia. Pertumbuhan  Alfamart di Indonesia sangatlah pesat bak "jamur di musim hujan", terbukti dengan berdirinya cabang-cabang Alfamart yang tidak hanya di kota-kota besar tapi sampai ke pelosok-pelosok kecamatan di seluruh negeri Indonesia.

Alfamart Minimarket Pertama yang memiliki member terbanyak di Indonesia Alfamart Memberikan Motivasi dan Inspirasi serta Inovasi untuk memanjakan membernya. Salah satunya adalah dengan konsisten 2 minggu sekali  memberikan Promo Indonesia khusus untuk Member Alfamart baik untuk berbelanja di Alfamart Minimarket atau pun di merchant-merchant yang banyak bekerja sama dengan Alfamart Minimarket untuk memberikan potongan harga atau harga spesial.

Member Alfamart Adalah sebutan untuk para pelanggan setia Alfamart.Para member Alfamart akan mendapatkan berbagai macam keuntungan dan kejutan special dari Alfamart seperti: HematKu, Kalender Belanja, Specialku dan Hadiahku,serta program ekslusif lainnya. Member Alfamart adalah pelanggan yang memiliki dan bergabung dalam keanggotaan Kartu AKU, A Card Flazz atau Kartu AKU BNI Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia

KARTU AKU Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia

    Kartu Aku

Adalah kartu member yang pertama kali diluncurkan Alfamart pada tahun 2005. Dengan Kartu AKU, Member akan dapat memperoleh manfaat dan berbagai macam keuntungan serta Promo Indonesia menarik yang tidak dapat diikuti oleh pelanggan lain yang bukan merupakan member Kartu AKU. Kartu AKU berlaku Nasional di Alfamart seluruhIndonesia.

A CARD FINAL Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia
    A Card Flazz

Adalah Kartu Member Alfamart yang di luncurkan pada 15 Mei 2010 bekerja sama dengan Flazz BCA, yang selain berfungsi sebagai kartu member juga dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran/transaksi karena A Card Flazz merupakan Kartu Prepaid (kartu non rekening yang dapat menyimpan uang untuk keperluan berbagai transaksi).

A Card Flazz dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran tidak hanya diseluruh outlet Alfamart, Alfamidi ataupun Alfaexpress tetapi juga diseluruh merchant Flazz antara lain restoran, salon, toko buku, parkir, bioskop dan masih banyak lagi. Untuk sementara ini, A Card Flazz berlaku di Jabodetabek,Surabaya

KARTU AKU BNI Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia
    Kartu Aku BNI

Merupakan salah satu Kartu Member Alfamart yang di luncurkan pada 1 Januari 2010, merupakan kerjasama antara Alfamart dengan Bank BNI. Kartu AKU BNI merupakan kartu multifungsional, yang selain berfungsi sebagai kartu member, juga berfungsi sebagai alat pembayaran. Pengguna Kartu AKU BNI juga akan mendapatkan berbagai keuntungan dan kejutan spesial dari Alfamart serta tentunya dapat mengikuti program-program eksklusif khusus member di Alfamart. Untuk saat ini, Kartu AKU BNI berlaku di Alfamart Jabodetabek.
8 Keuntungan Member Alfamart

   1. Hematku dan Kalender Belanja
   2. Spesialku dan Hadiahku
   3. Special Big Program for "Member Alfamart"
   4. Redemption For "Member Alfamart"
   5. Member Alfamart" Thematic Promo
   6. Special Treatment for "Member Alfamart" Birthday
   7. Special Event/Activities For "Member Alfamart"
   8. Merchant For "Member Alfamart"

 

Demikianlah penjelasan singkat tentang  Promo Member Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia Semoga dapat bermanfaat dan memberikan pengetahuan Lebih kepada masyarakat agar dapat bergabung menjadi Member Alfamart dan pastikan anda mendapakan keuntungan dan manfaat lebih dari Alfamart Minimarket Lokal Terbaik Indonesia

05.09 | 0 komentar | Read More

Keunikan Saudara Kembar

Keunikan Saudara Kembar Punya anak satu saja rasanya bahagia sekali, apalagi memiliki anak kembar dengan berbagai keunikannya tersendiri. Simak saja kisah sejumlah selebritas kembar seperti putra Firda Krussler, Nakula dan Sadewa, juga Kak Seto.

Nakula dan Sadewa adalah anak-anak yang manis. Masing-masing memiliki karakter dan kelebihan yang berbeda. Sadewa lebih pandai di bidang matematika. Nakula lebih jago di bidang hapalan. Nakula lebih bijaksana dan matang dalam mengambil keputusan. Sedangkan Sadewa lebih agresif, tapi pandai bersosialisasi.

Walau pernah tumbuh bersama di satu rahim, mereka adalah pribadi yang berbeda, sehingga butuh penanganan berbeda. Misalnya, terhadap Nakula, harus berbicara sabar dan lemah lembut, sementara pada Sadewa harus sedikit tegas. Kesenangan mereka pun tak melulu sama. Justru dengan perbedaan karakter itulah, mereka bisa saling mengisi.

Kak Seto yang memiliki saudara kembar non-identik mengatakan, berbahaya jika orangtua memerlakukan anak kembar dengan cara yang sama. Karena mereka sesungguhnya adalah dua individu yang berbeda.

"Menurut penelitian, jika dua anak, terutama anak kembar, diperlakukan sama terus menerus, maka akan menganggap diri mereka sebagai satu individu yang sama," ujar Kak Seto.

Jika mereka merasa sebagai satu individu, maka akan sulit dipisahkan di kemudian hari. Jika dalam kondisi tertentu mereka harus berpisah, karena misalnya beda pekerjaan atau sudah berumah tangga, maka pribadi kembar ini akan kesulitan beradaptasi, tertekan, dan bisa stres karena merasa kehilangan belahan jiwanya.

Dalam Kongres ISFT atau International Society For Twin, para ahli yang meneliti mengenai anak kembar juga mengemukakan bahaya memperlakukan pribadi kembar sebagai satu individu. Karenanya, jangan memperlakukan mereka sama dan jangan mendiskriminasi atau pilih kasih di antara si kembar.

Walau terlahir kembar, mereka berhak untuk mengalami pengalaman hidup yang berbeda.

02.17 | 0 komentar | Read More

Cemilan yang membuat Nafsu Makan

Cemilan yang membuat Nafsu Makan Saat Anda sedang diet, rasanya semua makanan jadi terlihat sangat menggoda. Sebelum diet Anda gagal total, cobalah untuk tidak langsung mencomot makanan-makanan tersebut dan menikmatinya sampai kenyang. Selain itu, pilih-pilih lagi makanan dan kudapan Anda, jangan-jangan ada di antaranya yang justru memicu timbulnya keinginan untuk makan lebih banyak.

1. Bumbu dan rempah-rempah
Beberapa jenis bumbu dan rempah terbukti bagus untuk kesehatan. Namun menyantap beberapa jenis bumbu dan rempah ini dalam makanan ternyata bisa menimbulkan rasa lapar. Misalnya kandungan mustard dalam masakan, yang ternyata bisa meningkatkan produksi air liur dan cairan pencernaan sebagai cara alami untuk merangsang nafsu makan, ketika sudah selesai makan. Selain itu kunyit, jahe, dan peterseli juga bisa merangsang nafsu makan.

2. Kurang konsumsi protein
Asupan protein dalam makanan bisa membantu menyampaikan sinyal rasa kenyang ke otak dan perut setelah makan. Menurut ahli holistik, Mark Hyman, MD, kurangnya konsumsi protein ternyata bisa menyebabkan rasa lapar muncul tiba-tiba, dan kecenderungan untuk ngemil. Menurut penelitian terbaru yang dilakukan terhadap beberapa relawan, orang yang mengonsumsi protein kurang dari 15 persen dari total kalori yang disantapnya akan merasa jauh lebih lapar dan lebih banyak ngemil dibandingkan dengan orang yang cukup mengonsumsi protein.

Dr Hyman mengungkapkan, sebaiknya Anda memenuhi kebutuhan protein saat sarapan. "Salah satu triknya adalah dengan makan makanan dengan protein tinggi saat sarapan, seperti telur rebus atau yogurt Yunani," tambahnya.

3. Gula dan garam berlebihan
Beberapa dekade terakhir, banyak produsen makanan menemukan bahwa manusia tak pernah puas untuk menyantap gula dan garam. Tak heran jika sekarang ini banyak terdapat makanan atau minuman instan yang rasanya sangat gurih, karena menggunakan gula dan garam yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan rasa lapar.

Kandungan gula dalam saus pasta kemasan ternyata lebih banyak dibandingkan gula pada es krim vanila per porsinya. Sereal memiliki kandungan garam yang lebih banyak ketimbang kentang goreng. Ini semua membuat kita ingin makan lebih banyak. Analoginya, jika Anda sudah makan makanan manis, lebih enak jika dinetralisasi dengan makanan asin. Padahal, garam dan gula merupakan perangsang nafsu makan. Sebaiknya hindari makanan terlalu manis atau terlalu asin agar tidak terserang rasa lapar tiba-tiba.

4. Makanan rendah kalori
Makanan rendah lemak ternyata mengandung lebih banyak gula, karbohidrat, dan natrium untuk meningkatkan rasa. Namun, efeknya ternyata bisa memicu makan berlebihan. Sebuah penelitian yang dimuat dalam jurnal Nutrition menunjukkan bahwa kandungan pemanis buatan dalam minuman diet juga dapat merangsang nafsu makan. Ingatlah bahwa tubuh juga tetap membutuhkan nutrisi tertentu dan lemak sehat, misalnya kalsium, dan omega-3 yang meningkatkan kesehatan jantung.

"Itulah mengapa sebabnya, saya selalu menyarankan untuk menyantap salad dengan saus dressing biasa dan bukan dressing rendah lemak. Karena, di dalam saus tersebut terdapat minyak sehat seperti zaitun atau minyak canola," ungkap ahli diet Carolanne Nelson. Untuk mengatasinya, konsumsi saja makanan yang biasa disantap, namun batasi porsinya agar tidak menjadi gemuk.

08.51 | 0 komentar | Read More